methods of teaching music literacy

Music literacy is essential to engage with musical activity. David Waller stated that “music education discourse is marked by frequent comparisons of music to language, and of music notation to written language. However, the role played by writing, as opposed to reading, is often overlooked in that discourse” (Waller 2010). Music literacy is often overlooked, and researchers have been studying how general music teachers develop their students’ music literacy. In their findings, there are various methods that have emerged. What does research tell us about the methods that music educators use to teach music literacy in general music? Is there a specific method that is more effective than others?